第六章：文件与路径 - Python 速成教程

1. pathlib

from pathlib import Path

root = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
cfg = root / "config" / "app.toml"
print(cfg.name, cfg.suffix)

2. 读写文本

text = Path("readme.txt").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
Path("out.txt").write_text(text.upper(), encoding="utf-8")

3. JSON

import json
from pathlib import Path

data = {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}
Path("data.json").write_text(json.dumps(data, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
loaded = json.loads(Path("data.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))

4. 上下文管理器

with Path("log.txt").open("a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write("line\n")

📋 本章要点

优先 pathlib；始终指定 encoding="utf-8"。