第七章：工具链与常用库

1. pytest

# tests/test_math.py
def test_add():
    assert 1 + 1 == 2

pip install pytest
pytest

2. ruff + black

ruff 一体化 linter；black 约定式格式化。

pip install ruff black
ruff check .
black .

3. mypy

pip install mypy
mypy .

4. pyproject.toml（节选）

[project]
name = "myapp"
version = "0.1.0"
requires-python = ">=3.12"

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 100

[tool.black]
line-length = 100